TAX POLICY OF RUSSIA AS AN ELEMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A BRIEF RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT

Ramziya K. Shakirova¹* and Nadezhda V. Kurochkina^2
1Assist. Prof. Dr., Mari State University, Russia, ramziya05@gmail.com
²Senior Lecturer, Mari State University, Russia, nadiakyr@rambler.ru
*Corresponding author

Abstract
The state of the institutional environment depends largely on the level and development of innovative economy, including entrepreneurial activity of economic agents.
The most important element of the institutional environment of entrepreneurship development in the country is the tax policy of the state that can have fiscal and regulatory focus. The tax policy of the Russian Federation is very dynamic; it has undergone significant changes over the past two decades.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the main directions of tax policy of the Russian Federation, influencing on the state and development of entrepreneurial activity in the country.

The article provides a brief retrospective analysis of the tax policy of the Russian Federation for the period from 1998 to the present. The article describes the main fiscal stimulus measures introduced in the period from 1998 to 2008 Also reflected the perspective of development of the domestic fiscal policy that emerged in 2009, reflected in the strengthening of its fiscal component and a increase in the tax competence of the subjects of the Russian Federation.

In the article the conclusion about the reduction of the expansionary orientation of fiscal policy and on strengthening the fiscal function of tax policy in connection with the growth of the budget deficit. The study also concluded that redistribution of the tax burden and its growth in the sphere of consumption and in industries such as trade, public catering and consumer services. The article noted the trend of growth of tax risks for entrepreneurs.

Keywords: institutional environment, fiscal policy, expansionary fiscal policy, the fiscal stimulus measures, discretionary and non-discretionary fiscal policy, automatic stabilizers.